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Last Updated: 3rd Jul 2024
What is Notre Dame organum, and how can it help you?
Background and definition: A polyphonic composition based upon plainchant, in which the new voice(s), or combination thereof, appears above the original voice. The Notre Dame organum style is the most complex organum. It incorporates rhythmic passages and elaborate melismas from the new voices. It was created in Paris during the latter twelfth-century.
You may also wonder, "What is Notre Dame polyphony?"
The Notre-Dame School or Notre-Dame School of Polyphony refers specifically to the group composed at or near Paris' Notre-Dame Cathedral from around 1160 to 1250. They also produced the music. Only two composers have their names left from this period: LA(c),onin and PA (c)rotin.
How did organum also develop? Organum was initially improvised by one singer singing a melody (the vocal vox principalis) and another singer playing the harmony (the vocal vox organalis), in fifth and fourth intervals. This form was called heterophonic because only one melody or voice was used in the song.
So, what is Notre Dame School and why is it important for us?
The Notre-Dame school has been significant in the history of music. It produced the first multipart polyphonic music to be published internationally.
What are the different types of organums?
Terms in the set (6)
- Parallel organum. Parallel motion/parallel voice/no real second voice/two voices are usually at a perfect 5th and 4th.
- converging organum. oblique motion/both begin on the same note and separate at the end.
- Free organum Contrary motion
- Melismatic organum
- organum purum.
- discant.
17 Related Question Answers Found
What is kept in Notre Dame?
Some of the most important relics in Christendom, including the Crown of Thorns, a sliver of the true cross and a nail from the true cross, are preserved at Notre-Dame. While undergoing renovation and restoration, the roof of Notre-Dame caught fire on the evening of 15 April 2019.
What is oblique Organum?
"Oblique organum" refers to the practice of staying on a note to avoid the tritone. In "free organum" the organal voice appears above the tenor but may cross or mirror it.
What is the most significant musical contribution made by the school of Notre Dame?
There is no specific date or documentation that shows exactly when polyphony started being used in the Church, but two French composers, Leonin and his student Perotin, of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, are generally credited with composing the first significant polyphonic church music.
What is a motet in music?
In western music, a motet is a mainly vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from the late medieval era to the present. The motet was one of the pre-eminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music.
What did Leonin and Perotin do?
Leonin, Perotin, and the composers from the Notre Dame School contributed greatly to the development of modern music. Perotin was also among the earliest composers who wrote polyphony for three and four voices. Today, four voices is the standard for many choir compositions.
What is Perotin famous for?
1200), also called Perotin the Great, was a European composer, believed to be French, who lived around the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century. He was the most famous member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style.
Who were the two great composers of the Notre Dame school?
late 12th century), and Pérotin (fl. c. 1180 – c. 1220) were the two composers known by name from the Notre Dame school; in the subsequent period, Petrus de Cruce, a composer of motets, is one of the few whose name has been preserved.
Why was the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris important quizlet?
ceremony, and poetry. The Notre Dame School, important to the history of music because it produced the earliest repertory of polyphonic (multipart) music to gain international prestige and circulation.
Who was Leonins successor?
Pérotin
Who was the first leader of the Notre Dame school?
The University of Notre Dame was founded on November 26, 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president, as an all-male institution on land donated by the Bishop of Vincennes.
What was the name of the system for notating patterns of rhythm in the period of Notre Dame polyphony?
Modal notation was developed by the composers of the Notre Dame school from 1170 to 1250, replacing the even and unmeasured rhythm of early polyphony and plainchant with patterns based on the metric feet of classical poetry, and was the first step towards the development of modern mensural notation (Hoppin 1978, 221).
When was Organum invented?
In its earliest written form, found in the treatise Musica enchiriadis (c. 900; “Musical Handbook”), organum consisted of two melodic lines moving simultaneously note against note. Sometimes a second, or organal, voice doubled the chant, or principal voice, a fourth or a fifth below (as G or F below c, etc.).
Who created Organum?
The history of organum would not be complete without two of its greatest innovators, Léonin and Pérotin. These two men were "the first international composers of polyphonic music" (Waite 1954, 2). The innovations of Léonin and Pérotin mark the development of the rhythmic modes.
How are Gregorian and organum different?
Organum is, in general, a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages. In its earliest stages, organum involved two musical voices: a Gregorian chant melody, and the same melody transposed by a consonant interval, usually a perfect fifth or fourth.
What is Homophony in music?
homophonic. An example of something homophonic is a piece of music with chords, where two instruments play the same line of melody in the same rhythm; however, one instrument plays one note and a second intrument places a note in harmony.
What does monophonic mean in music?
In music, monophony is the simplest of musical textures, consisting of a melody (or "tune"), typically sung by a single singer or played by a single instrument player (e.g., a flute player) without accompanying harmony or chords. Many folk songs and traditional songs are monophonic.
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